Masalah ‘Overweight’ Dalam Kalangan Kanak-Kanak – Apakah Yang Menjadi Punca Utama?

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Pertambahan berat badan dalam kalangan kanak-kanak merupakan perkara yang normal sepanjang proses tumbesaran. ‘Ideal weight’ juga bertambah seiring dengan umur.

Namun, yang menjadi kebimbangan ibu bapa ialah apabila anak-anak mengalami berat badan berlebihan (overweight) ataupun dipanggil obesiti.

Menurut Reuters, selain mengundang penyakit dan masalah fizikal, masalah ‘overweight’ dalam kalangan kanak-kanak juga mendorong kepada tekanan emosi dan psikologi seumur hidup mereka.

Apakah maksud obesiti?

Berat badan melebihi tahap normal dan menjejaskan kesihatan seseorang. Jikalau berat badan melebihi 20 % berat badan normal mereka dikatakan “obese.”

Obesiti di kategorikan mengikut BMI (Body Mass Index) iaitu satu cara untuk mengukur berat badan mengikut ketinggian seseorang.

Apakah Punca Overweight

Pemakanan

Gaya pemakanan yang kurang sihat serta pengambilan kalori melebihi karbohidrat dan lemak. Contohnya, nasi, tepung, roti, minuman manis dan makanan bergoreng.

Kurang aktiviti fizikal

Kurang melakukan aktiviti fizikal seperti senaman menyebabkan jumlah kalori yang masuk lebih daripada jumlah kalori yang terbakar.

Genetik

Genetik memainkan peranan dalam bagaimana kecekapan tubuh menukarkan makanan menjadi tenaga dan membakar kalori semasa bersenam. 

 Apakah Kesan Overweight

Selain menjejaskan kesihatan, overweight juga menyebabkan pelbagai masalah lain seperti:

  • Masalah hati - membawa kepada kegagalan fungsi hati (‘liver failure, cirrhosis‘).
  • Kerosakan sendi - Kerosakan biasanya berlaku pada sendi kaki
  • Kekurangan oksigen sewaktu tidur – menyebabkan dengkuran dan tidur yang tidak sempurna. Keadaan ini boleh menyebabkan kematian sekiranya tahap kekurangan oksigen semakin merosot.
  • Kemurungan - masalah susah tidur, kurang aktif, makan berlebihan dan seterusnya menambahkan lagi berat badan pesakit obes.
  • Sindrom metabolik dan risiko penyakit jantung - 30-40% kanak-kanak obes dan mereka mempunyai risiko penyakit jantung yang jauh lebih tinggi apabila usia mereka meningkat.

Cara Mencegah Overweight

Banyakkan aktiviti fizikal

  • Ibu bapa bertanggungjawan mewujudkan suasana yang aktifdan produktif dalam kalangan anak-anak.
  • Contohnya, membawa anak ke taman atau bersenam di sekitar rumah
  • Untuk bayi pula, bawa mereka ke kelas senaman atau kelas renang supaya merekaaktif bergerak

Bagi makanan yang berkhasiat

  • Bayi atau kanak-kanak yang mempunyai berat badan berlebihan perlu untuk diet
  • Pastikan sayur, buah, protein dan gandum diselitkan dalam rutin makanan.

Perkenalkan makanan pepejal pada waktu yang tepat

  • Khusus untuk bayi, perkenalkan makanan pepejal jika mereka telah bersedia untuk menerima makanan pepejal
  • Disarankan makanan pepejal diberi kepada bayi sekitar usia 6 bulan keatas.

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